Encyclopedia · Manufacture, materials, and testing

Bronze and gunmetal

Bronze, or gunmetal, a copper-tin alloy, was the metal of the Civil War field gun. Tough and unlikely to burst dangerously, it was used for Napoleons and howitzers.

Also known as: gunmetal, bronze ordnance.

AlloyCopper with about a tenth part tin
QualitiesTough; wears rather than bursting suddenly
Typical guns12-pounder Napoleons and field howitzers

The field-gun metal

Bronze, called gunmetal when used for ordnance, was an alloy of copper with roughly a tenth part tin. Its toughness made it well suited to field guns: a worn or overstrained bronze gun tended to droop or enlarge at the bore rather than shatter, giving warning before failure.

The 12-pounder Napoleon and the field howitzers were the classic bronze guns of the war. Bronze was costlier and softer than iron, so it was reserved for the lighter field pieces while iron served for rifles and heavy ordnance.

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