Encyclopedia · Manufacture, materials, and testing

Cannon casting

Most Civil War cannon were cast from molten iron or bronze in foundries. Guns were traditionally cast solid and bored out, until Rodman's hollow-casting process improved the strength of large iron guns.

Also known as: gun founding.

MaterialsCast iron and bronze (gunmetal)
Traditional methodCast solid, then bore out the barrel
ImprovementRodman's hollow casting with a water-cooled core
FinishingBoring, turning, and rifling as required

Founding a gun

A cannon began as molten metal, iron or bronze, poured into a mould at a foundry. In the traditional method the gun was cast solid and then bored out, turned to shape, and, for rifled pieces, cut with rifling. The quality of the iron and the soundness of the casting decided whether a gun would stand its charges.

The chief advance of the period was Thomas Rodman's process, which cast large iron guns hollow around a water-cooled core so the metal set from the inside outward, greatly reducing the internal stresses that caused big guns to burst.

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