Encyclopedia · Artillery concepts

Windage and obturation

Windage is the gap between a projectile and the bore; obturation is the sealing of that gap. Reducing windage and obturating the bore made guns more efficient and accurate.

Also known as: windage.

WindageThe clearance between projectile and bore
ProblemEscaping gas wastes force and hurts accuracy
ObturationSealing the bore, as by a sabot or expanding band

Sealing the bore

Smoothbore guns needed clearance, or windage, between the round shot and the bore so the ball could be loaded, but that gap let propellant gas blow past the projectile, wasting force and letting the ball bounce down the bore to leave the muzzle less predictably.

Obturation, the sealing of that gap, was one of the central improvements of Civil War ordnance. Expanding sabots and bands on rifled projectiles sealed the bore behind the projectile, capturing the full force of the charge and improving both range and accuracy.

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